隐藏的深度
亚当·曼在《土星卫星可能有水》(SN: 3/9/24，第8页)中写道，土星卫星土卫一轨道的细微变化暗示，在这颗卫星冰冷的表面下存在着一个巨大的年轻海洋，可能形成于500万到5000万年前。
读者鲍比·鲍姆问海洋是如何在这么短的时间内形成的，以及海洋是否可能在过去多次形成。
土星的卫星在绕轨道运行时彼此之间以及与它们的环状母行星之间存在引力作用。这种复杂的舞蹈在卫星上造成潮汐压力，产生热量，可以融化卫星冰冷的内部。
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The putative ocean beneath Mimas’ surface probably formed because of such an interaction with at least one of the other Saturnian moons in the recent past, says Valéry Lainey, an astronomer at the Paris Observatory. “We do not know yet which [other] moon is responsible for this, but such interactions are very common in celestial mechanics,” Lainey says.
The subsurface ocean probably didn’t exist earlier in Mimas’ history, Lainey and colleagues suspect. That’s because the team has not seen any evidence of surface deformations that a thick, liquid ocean would have caused.
Kids’ creations?
Radiocarbon dating suggests that ancient cave paintings in Argentina are nearly 8,200 years old. That age implies that the region’s rock art tradition, which probably preserved cultural knowledge shared by hunter-gatherers, is several millennia older than previous evidence suggests, Bruce Bower reported in “Patagonian cave kept culture alive” (SN: 3/9/24, p. 16).
Reader Joan wondered if children, rather than adults, could have created the ancient art. “I often had my children draw and paint when they could not play outside. If I was stuck in a cave with my children, they would have been painting on the walls,” Joan wrote.
“There is no way to know for sure who made these cave paintings,” Bower says. Some researchers have long suspected that Stone Age children and teenagers used their fingers to impress line patterns on cave walls, as well as leave behind kid- and teen-sized hand stencils inside caves (SN: 4/28/07, p. 264). “If young people made some or all of the cave paintings in Argentina, they participated in what may have been a system for transmitting cultural knowledge that lasted over 3,000 years,” Bower says.
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Reference
